Nepheloturbidometers are designed to measure light scattered by particles in a sample. Key components include:
1) Light Source:
Monochromatic light (laser or LED) is used, with the wavelength selected based on the sample.
2) Sample Chamber:
Holds the sample, ensuring uniform illumination and minimal reflections or refractions.
3) Detector:
Positioned at an angle (commonly 90°) to measure scattered light, not transmitted light.
Advanced models may have multiple detectors at various angles.
4) Monochromator/Filter:
Selects a specific wavelength for measurement, either before or after the sample. Not needed if the light source is already monochromatic.
5) Amplifier and Readout:
Amplifies weak detector signals and displays the intensity of scattered light, which relates to particle concentration.
6) Microprocessor/Computer:
Processes, stores, and analyzes data, enabling calibration and interpretation.
7) Optical Components:
Lenses and mirrors focus and direct light through the sample and to the detector.
8) Temperature Control:
Maintains consistent conditions for sensitive applications, such as macromolecule studies.