Integumentary system & Function

•  The integumentary system is the body's largest organ system and serves several crucial functions.

• It is primarily composed of the skin, hair, nails, and various glands.

1) Skin:

• The largest organ, with three layers:

  1. Epidermis: The outermost layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelium, provides a barrier against external pathogens, UV radiation, and water loss.

  2. Dermis: Middle layer with connective tissue, blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.

  3. Hypodermis: Deepest layer, mainly fat, provides insulation and cushioning.

2) Hair:

• Made of keratin, provides protection, insulation, and sensory input.

3) Nails:

• Keratin structures that protect fingertips and enhance the ability to grasp objects.

4) Glands:

1. Sweat Glands: Regulate temperature through sweat.

2. Sebaceous Glands: Produce sebum, moisturizing the skin and hair.

3. Ceruminous Glands: Produce earwax, protecting the ear.

integumentary system, showing the skin layers, hair follicles, nails, and glands

Functions:

• Protection: Shields against injury, pathogens, and UV radiation.

• Sensation: Detects touch, temperature, and pain.

• Temperature Regulation: Manages heat through sweat and blood vessel adjustments.

• Excretion: Removes waste via sweat.

• Vitamin D Synthesis: Produces vitamin D with sunlight exposure.

• Immune Defense: Hosts immune cells to combat pathogens.

Overall, the integumentary system is vital for protecting the body, maintaining balance, and interacting with the environment.