Implantable Drug Delivery Systems (IDDS)

Introduction to Implantable Drug Delivery Systems (IDDS):

• Implantable Drug Delivery Systems (IDDS) are surgically implanted devices for controlled, continuous drug release over months to years, offering targeted delivery for enhanced therapeutic effects with minimal side effects.

Materials Used

1. Polymers: Natural (e.g., collagen) and synthetic (e.g., PLA, PGA).

2. Metals: Titanium, stainless steel for durability.

3. Ceramics: Used in specialized applications.

4. Silicone: Highly biocompatible and flexible.

Types of IDDS

1. Osmotic Pumps: Controlled drug release via osmotic pressure.

2. Biodegradable Systems: Gradual drug release as materials degrade.

3. Microchips: Electronically timed release.

4. Infusion Pumps: Precise dosing over time.

5. Hydrogel Systems: Swell in water, releasing drugs.

6. Magnetic Systems: Magnetic fields control release or targeting.

7. Nanoparticles: Improve drug solubility and targeting.

Advantages

1. Extended Drug Delivery: Reduces frequent dosing.

2. Enhanced Compliance: Fewer dosing requirements.

3. Targeted Delivery: Direct site delivery reduces side effects.

4. Consistent Release: Provides steady therapeutic levels.

5. Reduced Systemic Side Effects: Lower systemic exposure.

Disadvantages

1. Invasive: Requires surgical placement.

2. Risk of Complications: Infection, device migration.

3. Difficult to Terminate: Requires removal if needed.

4. Costly: More expensive than traditional systems.

Applications

1. Chronic Conditions: Diabetes, chronic pain, hormone therapy.

2. Contraception: Long-term contraceptive implants.

3. Oncology: Localized chemotherapy delivery.

4. Psychiatry: Sustained antipsychotic release.

5. Ophthalmic Use: Glaucoma, macular degeneration.