Definition
Administration of drugs through mucous membranes in areas like the oral (buccal, sublingual), nasal, pulmonary, vaginal, and rectal regions.
These thin tissue layers secrete mucus, aiding in drug absorption
Classification of Mucosal Drug Delivery
Mucosal drug delivery, as part of NDDS, administers drugs through mucous membranes.
Based on the site and intended effect, it can be classified as follows:
1) Oral Mucosal Delivery:
Buccal Delivery:
Drug is placed in the cheek area for absorption through buccal mucosa, ideal for sustained release and bypassing liver metabolism.
Sublingual Delivery:
Drug is placed under the tongue for rapid onset and avoidance of first-pass metabolism.
2) Nasal Delivery:
Uses the nasal mucosa for local effects (e.g., decongestants) or systemic effects (e.g., migraine treatments).
3) Pulmonary Delivery:
Targets lung mucosa with inhalers or nebulizers, suitable for respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma) and systemic delivery.
4) Rectal Delivery:
Administers drugs through the rectum for local (e.g., inflammation) or systemic effects, useful when oral intake is compromised.
5) Vaginal Delivery:
Applied via vaginal mucosa, often for local treatments (e.g., antifungals) or systemic drugs (e.g., hormone therapy).
6) Ophthalmic Delivery:
Targets eye mucosa for local treatments, such as infection control and lubrication.
7) Otic Delivery:
Administers drugs through the ear canal, primarily for local conditions like ear infections.
8) Intestinal Delivery:
Some NDDS techniques target intestinal mucosa to enhance drug absorption, though not commonly classified as mucosal delivery.