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Introduction to Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids

General Characteristics

  • Secondary metabolites derived from phenylalanine, featuring a three-carbon side chain attached to an aromatic ring.

Phenylpropanoids

  • Structure & Diversity: Range from simple cinnamic acid to complex polymers.

Functions in Plants:

  • Precursors to lignin for cell wall reinforcement.

  • Attract pollinators and provide UV protection.

  • Defense against pathogens.

Flavonoids

  • Structure & Classification: Two aromatic rings connected by a three-carbon bridge; classified into flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, etc.

Biological Roles:

  • Antioxidant Activity: Neutralize free radicals.

  • Pigmentation: Provide color to flowers and fruits for pollinator attraction.

  • UV Protection: Absorb harmful UV rays.

Pharmacological Significance

  • Health Benefits: Anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and cardiovascular protective effects.

  • Dietary Importance: Abundant in fruits, vegetables, and teas, essential for a healthy diet.


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