Structure & Classification of Tannins
Polyphenolic Nature: High-molecular-weight polyphenolic compounds.
Types:
Hydrolyzable Tannins: Gallic or ellagic acid esterified with sugars.
Condensed Tannins: Polymers of flavonoid units, resistant to hydrolysis.
Functions in Plants
Defense: Deter herbivores and protect against microbial infections by binding proteins and inhibiting digestive enzymes.
Astringency: Contribute to the astringent taste in fruits and beverages by precipitating proteins.
Pharmacological & Industrial Uses
Medicinal Properties: Exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects.
Industrial Applications: Used in leather tanning, wine clarification, and as natural dyes.