Preparation:
Iodine is usually extracted from natural sources such as seaweed or brine, which contain iodide ions.
The iodide is oxidized to iodine using an oxidizing agent such as chlorine:
2I− + Cl2 → I2 + 2Cl−
Properties:
Dark purple-black solid with a metallic luster.
Slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in alcohol and other organic solvents.
Sublimates to form a violet gas.
Strong antimicrobial and antiseptic properties.
Uses:
As a topical antiseptic for skin disinfection before surgery.
In tincture form (iodine dissolved in alcohol) for wound cleaning.
As a disinfectant in water purification.
Used in the treatment of thyroid disorders as part of radioactive iodine therapy.
Storage of Iodine:
Store in a tightly sealed container to avoid sublimation and loss.
Keep in a cool, dry, and dark place to prevent decomposition.
Avoid storing near organic materials or reducing agents.