Chemical Structure:
C19H25NO2 · C4H6O6
Mechanism of Action:
Opioid Receptor Antagonist: Levallorphan acts as an antagonist at the mu-opioid receptors and, to a lesser extent, at kappa and delta opioid receptors.
Reversal of Opioid Effects: Effective in reversing the effects of opioids, particularly respiratory depression, sedation, and analgesia.
Uses:
Opioid Overdose: Used to treat opioid overdose, especially for reversing respiratory depression.
Anesthesia: Sometimes used in anesthesia to reverse the effects of opioids used during surgery.
Side Effects:
Withdrawal Precipitation: Can cause withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent individuals.
Nausea and Vomiting: Common side effects.
Cardiovascular Changes: Including changes in blood pressure and heart rate.