Introduction to Lignans
Lignans are phenylpropanoid dimers linked by β–β' bonds, found in seeds, fruits, vegetables, and wood.
Possess antioxidant, anticancer, and phytoestrogenic properties.
Synonyms
Common name: Plant lignans
Examples: Sesamin, Podophyllotoxin, Pinoresinol, Secoisolariciresinol
Biological Source
Found in Sesamum indicum (sesame seeds), Linum usitatissimum (flaxseeds), Podophyllum hexandrum (mayapple).
Family
Varies: Pedaliaceae, Linaceae, Berberidaceae.
Composition
Composed of two phenylpropanoid (C6-C3) units.
Key lignans: Sesamin, Secoisolariciresinol, Podophyllotoxin, Enterolactone.
Chemistry
Class: Phenylpropanoids
Structure: Dimers of cinnamyl alcohol derivatives (linked by β–β', β–O–4, or β–5 bonds).
Solubility: Lipophilic.
Therapeutic Uses
Antioxidant: Sesamin, Secoisolariciresinol combat free radicals.
Anticancer: Podophyllotoxin aids in synthesizing drugs (etoposide, teniposide).
Phytoestrogenic: Secoisolariciresinol, enterolactone help in hormone-related disorders.
Hepatoprotective: Protects liver from oxidative damage.
Commercial Applications
Anticancer drugs derived from podophyllotoxin.
Nutritional supplements like flaxseed and sesame oil.
Skin treatments: Podophyllotoxin for genital warts.