These are a group of phytoestrogens found in high concentrations in flaxseeds, sesame seeds, and whole grains.
Lignans are converted by intestinal bacteria into enterolactone and enterodiol, which can mimic estrogen.
They are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, improved metabolic health, and may help in reducing the risk of hormone-related cancers.
Occurrence:
Lignans are found in high concentrations in flaxseeds, sesame seeds, and in lesser amounts in other seeds, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
They are also present in certain beverages like coffee and tea.
Chemical Nature:
Lignans are a group of diphenolic compounds that are classified as phytoestrogens due to their ability to mimic estrogen.
They are one of the major classes of phytoestrogens found in the Western diet.
Lignans are metabolized by intestinal bacteria into enterolignans, enterodiol, and enterolactone, which can exert estrogenic or antiestrogenic activities depending on the hormonal context of the body.
Medicinal Benefits:
1. Cancer Prevention:
Lignans have been studied for their potential role in reducing the risk of breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men, likely due to their modulation of hormone metabolism and antioxidant properties.
2. Cardiovascular Health:
Consumption of lignan-rich foods may contribute to improved cardiovascular health by reducing blood pressure, decreasing LDL cholesterol, and exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects.
3. Bone Health:
There is some evidence suggesting that lignans can help in maintaining bone density, offering potential benefits against osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women.
4. Antioxidant Activity:
Lignans possess antioxidant properties that help in protecting cells from oxidative stress and damage.