Structure
Lignocaine, commonly known as Lidocaine, is an amide-type local anesthetic with a diethylaminoethyl side chain attached to a 1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4-imidazolidinone core.
Chemical Formula: C₁₂H₂₁N₃O
Mode of Action
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockade: Inhibits sodium influx, preventing nerve impulse conduction.
Membrane Stabilization: Enhances neuronal membrane stability, reducing excitability.
Uses
Local Anesthesia: Widely used in dental procedures, minor surgeries, and topical applications.
Cardiac Arrhythmias: Administered intravenously to manage ventricular arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.
Topical Preparations: Applied as creams, gels, and patches for localized pain relief.
Side Effects
Local Reactions: Redness, swelling, or irritation at the application site.
Systemic Toxicity: CNS symptoms (dizziness, seizures) and cardiovascular disturbances (arrhythmias, hypotension) in high doses.