Anatomy
The liver is a large, reddish-brown organ located in the upper right side of the abdomen, just below the diaphragm.
It is divided into two main lobes (right and left) and further subdivided into lobules.
The liver is made up of specialized cells called hepatocytes, which carry out various metabolic, detoxification, and storage functions.
Functions:
a. Bile production:
The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to help emulsify and digest fats.
b. Detoxification:
The liver filters toxins and harmful substances from the blood and metabolizes drugs.
c. Nutrient metabolism:
The liver plays a central role in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism.
It helps store and release glucose, break down amino acids, and synthesize cholesterol and lipoproteins.
d. Storage:
The liver stores vitamins (A, D, E, K, and B12) and minerals (iron and copper) for later use.
e. Blood clotting factors:
The liver synthesizes proteins required for blood clotting, such as fibrinogen and prothrombin.