Mannitol

Structure of Mannitol

• Mannitol is a sugar alcohol with six hydroxyl groups, making it highly hydrophilic and osmotic.

• Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₄O₆

  

  Structure of Mannitol

Mode of Action

• Osmotic Gradient Creation: Mannitol remains in the extracellular space, creating an osmotic gradient that pulls water out of cells and into the vascular compartment.

• Increased Urinary Output: Promotes diuresis by preventing water reabsorption in the kidneys.

• Reduction of Intracranial Pressure: Draws fluid out of brain tissue, reducing intracranial pressure.

• Reduction of Intraocular Pressure: Lowers pressure within the eye by promoting aqueous humor excretion.

Uses

1. Intracranial Hypertension: Reduces elevated intracranial pressure in conditions like traumatic brain injury and cerebral edema.

2. Acute Renal Failure: Helps restore renal function by increasing urine output and reducing edema.

3. Glaucoma: Lowers intraocular pressure to prevent optic nerve damage.

4. Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Prevention: Used prophylactically to protect kidneys during radiologic procedures involving contrast agents.

5. Dehydration: Manages severe dehydration by promoting rapid water excretion.