Structure of Mannitol
Mannitol is a sugar alcohol with six hydroxyl groups, making it highly hydrophilic and osmotic.
Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₄O₆
Structure of Mannitol
Mode of Action
Osmotic Gradient Creation: Mannitol remains in the extracellular space, creating an osmotic gradient that pulls water out of cells and into the vascular compartment.
Increased Urinary Output: Promotes diuresis by preventing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Reduction of Intracranial Pressure: Draws fluid out of brain tissue, reducing intracranial pressure.
Reduction of Intraocular Pressure: Lowers pressure within the eye by promoting aqueous humor excretion.
Uses
Intracranial Hypertension: Reduces elevated intracranial pressure in conditions like traumatic brain injury and cerebral edema.
Acute Renal Failure: Helps restore renal function by increasing urine output and reducing edema.
Glaucoma: Lowers intraocular pressure to prevent optic nerve damage.
Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Prevention: Used prophylactically to protect kidneys during radiologic procedures involving contrast agents.
Dehydration: Manages severe dehydration by promoting rapid water excretion.