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Mechanical method of sterilization

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  • Mechanical method of sterilization involves physically removing microorganisms rather than killing them.

  • It is typically a pre-step to sterilization processes.

A) Scrubbing and Washing

Principle

  • Uses mechanical action and detergents to physically remove microorganisms and organic matter, reducing microbial load.

Procedure

  • Preparation: Wear PPE and use appropriate cleaning agents.

  • Cleaning Process:

  • Soaking: Soak items in warm, soapy water to loosen debris.

  • Scrubbing: Manually scrub surfaces and crevices with brushes.

  • Rinsing: Rinse thoroughly to remove all residues.

  • Drying: Ensure items are dried to prevent further microbial growth.

  • Disinfection (Optional): Immerse items in a chemical disinfectant if immediate sterilization is not possible.

Merits

  • Essential for removing debris that may shield microbes during sterilization.

  • Cost-effective with minimal equipment required.

Demerits

  • Labor-intensive and time-consuming.

  • Only reduces microbial load, not a complete sterilization method.

Applications

  • Pre-sterilization cleaning of surgical instruments.

  • General hygiene in healthcare and food preparation areas.

B) Ultrasonic Cleaning

Principle

  • High-frequency sound waves (20-40 kHz) create cavitation bubbles in a liquid, which dislodge particles and microorganisms from surfaces.

Procedure

  • Preparation: Fill the tank with cleaning solution and degas it by running the machine empty.

  • Loading: Submerge items in a tray, ensuring no contact between them or the tank bottom.

  • Cleaning Cycle: Set temperature (40°C-60°C) and time (5-10 minutes) before starting the cycle.

  • Post-Cleaning: Rinse and dry items thoroughly.

Merits

  • Reaches inaccessible areas and is gentle on delicate instruments.

Demerits

  • Not a sterilization method; further processing is needed.

  • Equipment investment required.

Applications of Mechanical method of sterilization

  • Cleaning of dental, surgical, and laboratory instruments.

  • Maintenance of precision mechanical and electronic parts.

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