General Introduction:
Mentha, particularly peppermint, is a major source of volatile oils widely used for its cooling, carminative, and antimicrobial properties.
The oil contains menthol as its principal constituent, which is responsible for its characteristic aroma and therapeutic effects.
Synonyms of Mentha (Peppermint Oil):
Common name: Peppermint
Scientific name: Mentha piperita
Synonyms: Mint oil, Pudina oil (Hindi)
Biological Source:
Volatile oil is obtained from the fresh leaves and flowering tops of Mentha piperita.
Family:
Lamiaceae
Composition:
Major constituents:
Menthol (40-50%): Main bioactive compound.
Menthone (15-30%)
Menthyl acetate
Limonene
1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol)
Minor constituents include carvone, pulegone, and pinene.
Chemistry & Chemical Classes:
Chemical Class: Monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids.
Structure:
Menthol is a cyclic monoterpenoid alcohol.
The oil primarily consists of terpene hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives.
Therapeutic Uses:
Carminative: Relieves flatulence and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Antispasmodic: Reduces spasms of smooth muscles.
Antimicrobial: Effective against certain bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Cooling effect: Menthol provides a cooling sensation and is used in treating headaches and minor burns.
Decongestant: Helps in relieving nasal congestion and respiratory conditions.
Commercial Applications:
Used in pharmaceutical formulations like inhalers, balms, and antispasmodic drugs.
Flavoring agent in toothpaste, chewing gum, and candies.
Aromatherapy for its calming and refreshing effects.