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Metformin

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Structure

  • Metformin is a biguanide derivative with two guanidine groups attached to a dimethylamine backbone.

  • Chemical Formula: C₄H₁₁N₅

Structure of Metformin

Mode of Action

  • AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation: Enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis.

  • Intestinal Glucose Uptake Inhibition: Decreases glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

  • Decreased Lipolysis: Reduces free fatty acid levels, improving insulin sensitivity.

Uses

  • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: First-line therapy for improving glycemic control.

  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Enhances insulin sensitivity and regulates menstrual cycles.

  • Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: In individuals with impaired glucose tolerance.


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