Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine): synthesis, significance, clinical relevance

4. Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)

Synthesis:

Conversion from Dopamine:

• Enzyme: Dopamine β-hydroxylase.

• Process: Dopamine is hydroxylated to form noradrenaline (norepinephrine).

• Cofactor Required: Ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

• Mechanism: The enzyme adds a hydroxyl group to the β-carbon of dopamine, converting it into noradrenaline.

Significance:

1. Attention and Alertness: Noradrenaline enhances focus and response to stimuli.

2. Fight-or-Flight Response: It activates the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels in response to stress.

Clinical Relevance:

1. Stress Response: Noradrenaline plays a critical role in how the body reacts to stress and emergencies.