Ocular drug delivery systems are designed to overcome the eye's protective barriers, such as tear production, rapid tear turnover, and the corneal epithelium, which hinder effective drug delivery and retention.
These systems improve therapeutic outcomes by enhancing corneal absorption, prolonging retention time, and targeting specific ocular tissues.
Types of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems
Topical ODDS: Includes gels, ointments, suspensions, and nanoparticle-based solutions applied directly to the eye.
Posterior ODDS: Targets the posterior segment using intravitreal injections, implants, and particulate systems.
Contact Lens ODDS: Drug-impregnated contact lenses provide slow, controlled drug release.
Mucoadhesive ODDS: Uses polymers to enhance drug retention on the ocular surface.
Advantages of ODDS
Prolonged Retention: Enhances the residence time of drugs on the eye surface.
Targeted Delivery: Delivers drugs specifically to desired ocular tissues or cells.
Improved Bioavailability: Reduces drug wastage and ensures higher efficacy.
Reduced Side Effects: Minimizes systemic exposure and associated side effects.
Disadvantages of ODDS
Complex Formulation: Requires advanced technology and expertise.
Potential Irritation: Some systems may cause discomfort or allergies.
Cost: More expensive than traditional eye drops or ointments.
Invasiveness: Techniques like intravitreal injections can be invasive and risky.