Chemical Structure:
C19H20N2O2
Mechanism of Action:
A non-selective COX inhibitor, phenylbutazone reduces prostaglandin synthesis, providing anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Uses:
Inflammatory Disorders: Traditionally used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Its use in humans has declined due to safety concerns, but it's still used in veterinary medicine, particularly for horses.
Pain Management: Effective in managing pain associated with various musculoskeletal disorders.
Side Effects:
Gastrointestinal Issues: Like other NSAIDs, it can cause gastric ulcers, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Blood Dyscrasias: A serious side effect is the potential for bone marrow suppression, leading to conditions like aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis.
Hepatotoxicity: Liver damage is a risk with prolonged use.
Renal Toxicity: Can affect kidney function, particularly in patients with pre-existing renal conditions or in those taking other nephrotoxic drugs.
Hypersensitivity Reactions: May cause skin rashes, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and other allergic reactions.