Structure
Phenytoin sodium is a hydantoin derivative with a diphenylmethyl group attached to the hydantoin ring. It exists primarily in the sodium salt form to enhance solubility.
Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₁₂N₂O₂Na
Mode of Action
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockade: Inhibits sodium influx during action potentials, stabilizing neuronal membranes.
Action Potential Prolongation: Extends the refractory period, preventing repetitive neuronal firing.
Anticonvulsant Effects: Suppresses seizure activity by reducing neuronal excitability.
Uses of Phenytoin Sodium
Epilepsy: Effective in controlling generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures.
Status Epilepticus: Used in acute management of prolonged seizures.
Neuroprotection: Investigated for use in preventing neuronal damage in traumatic brain injury and stroke.
Cardiac Arrhythmias: Occasionally used for ventricular arrhythmias due to sodium channel blockade.