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Phenytoin Sodium

Structure

  • Phenytoin sodium is a hydantoin derivative with a diphenylmethyl group attached to the hydantoin ring. It exists primarily in the sodium salt form to enhance solubility.

  • Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₁₂N₂O₂Na

    Chemical Formula of Phenytoin Sodium
Structure of Phenytoin Sodium
Structure of Phenytoin Sodium

Mode of Action

  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockade: Inhibits sodium influx during action potentials, stabilizing neuronal membranes.

  • Action Potential Prolongation: Extends the refractory period, preventing repetitive neuronal firing.

  • Anticonvulsant Effects: Suppresses seizure activity by reducing neuronal excitability.

Uses of Phenytoin Sodium

  • Epilepsy: Effective in controlling generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures.

  • Status Epilepticus: Used in acute management of prolonged seizures.

  • Neuroprotection: Investigated for use in preventing neuronal damage in traumatic brain injury and stroke.

  • Cardiac Arrhythmias: Occasionally used for ventricular arrhythmias due to sodium channel blockade.


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