Definition
Plasma substitutes are artificial fluids used to replace lost blood volume in cases of shock, severe burns, or hemorrhage.
They do not contain red blood cells or clotting factors but help maintain circulation.
Types of Plasma Substitutes
Crystalloids (Electrolyte Solutions)
Examples: Normal saline (0.9% NaCl), Ringer’s lactate
Used for short-term fluid replacement in dehydration and mild blood loss.
Colloids (Plasma Expanders)
Contain large molecules that retain water in the bloodstream.
Examples:
Albumin (Human-derived protein) – Maintains oncotic pressure.
Dextran (Synthetic polysaccharide) – Used for hypovolemic shock.
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) – Commonly used in critical care.
Gelatin-based solutions – Alternative plasma volume expanders.
Advantages of Plasma Substitutes
Readily available and free from infection risks.
No need for blood typing or cross-matching.
Effective in treating shock and hypovolemia.
Limitations
Do not carry oxygen (unlike real blood).
Overuse can lead to coagulation issues and kidney damage.
