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Procaine

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Structure

  • Procaine is a classic amino benzoic acid derivative with an ethyl ester group, enhancing its solubility and anesthetic duration.

  • Chemical Formula: C₁₀H₂₁N₃O₂

    formula of Procaine
Structure of Procaine
Structure of Procaine

Mode of Action

  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Inhibition: Blocks sodium influx, preventing nerve impulse conduction.

  • Membrane Stabilization: Decreases nerve excitability by altering membrane permeability.

Uses

  • Local Anesthesia: Used in dental procedures, minor surgeries, and cosmetic applications.

  • Topical Preparations: Applied to mucous membranes and skin for temporary numbing.

  • Infiltration Anesthesia: Injected around tissues to block nerve signals in a specific area.

Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR)

  • Ester Group: Facilitates rapid onset and short duration of action due to quick hydrolysis.

  • Diethylamino Group: Enhances lipophilicity, improving membrane penetration and anesthetic efficacy.

  • Benzene Ring Substitution: Modifications can influence potency and duration of anesthesia.

Synthesis

  • Procaine is synthesized by the esterification of p-aminobenzoic acid with diethylaminoethyl alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Synthetic Route Overview:

  • p-Aminobenzoic Acid + Diethylaminoethyl Alcohol → Procaine


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