Chemical Structure:
C19H29NO · HCl
Mechanism of Action:
Procyclidine is an anticholinergic agent which works by relaxing smooth muscle, which stops muscle spasms.
Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of Procyclidine Hydrochloride:
1.Tertiary Amine:
Procyclidine contains a tertiary amine, a common feature in many anticholinergic drugs, contributing to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and exert central effects.
2.Cyclic Structure:
The bicyclic structure of procyclidine is crucial for its activity. Alterations in this structure can significantly affect the drug's affinity for muscarinic receptors and its overall efficacy.
3.Aromatic Ring:
The presence of an aromatic ring is important for the molecule's pharmacological activity, contributing to its binding affinity and overall efficacy.
4.Alkyl Side Chain:
The length and structure of the alkyl side chain attached to the nitrogen atom can influence the selectivity and potency of the drug.
Synthesis of Procyclidine Hydrochloride (Chemical Reaction):
The synthesis of Procyclidine Hydrochloride typically involves the following steps:
1.Formation of the Bicyclic Structure:
Starting compounds (e.g., cyclohexanone derivatives) → Bicyclic Intermediate
2.Introduction of the Tertiary Amine:
Bicyclic Intermediate + Amine source → Procyclidine Base
3.Formation of Hydrochloride Salt:
Procyclidine Base + Hydrochloric Acid → Procyclidine Hydrochloride
In this synthesis, the key steps involve forming the bicyclic structure integral to procyclidine's activity, followed by the introduction of the tertiary amine to complete the active molecule's structure.
Finally, the hydrochloride salt is formed to improve the drug's stability and solubility.
Uses:
Ø It is used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease.
Side Effects:
Side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, dizziness, and confusion.