Structure
Progesterones are a group of steroid hormones with a cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene structure, featuring ketone and hydroxyl functional groups at specific positions.
Chemical Formula: C₂₀H₃₀O₂
Mode of Action
Progesterone Receptor Activation: Binds to progesterone receptors in target tissues, regulating gene expression.
Reproductive Role: Prepares the endometrium for implantation, maintains pregnancy, and regulates the menstrual cycle.
Neuroprotective Effects: Exhibits protective roles in the central nervous system.
Anti-inflammatory Actions: Modulates immune responses and reduces inflammation.
Uses of Progesterones
Contraception: Combined with estrogens in oral contraceptives to prevent ovulation and implantation.
Menstrual Disorders: Manages irregular menstrual cycles, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and endometriosis.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Used in postmenopausal women to prevent endometrial hyperplasia when combined with estrogens.
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART): Supports implantation and maintenance of early pregnancy.