Properties of matter describe its characteristics and behaviors under different conditions.
These can be broadly categorized into physical and chemical properties.
1.Physical Properties:
Observable without changing substance identity.
Density: Mass per unit volume (e.g., water is 1 g/cm³)
Color: Visual appearance (e.g., gold is yellow)
Melting Point: Temperature at which solid becomes liquid (e.g., ice melts at 0°C)
Boiling Point: Temperature at which liquid becomes gas (e.g., water boils at 100°C)
Solubility: Ability to dissolve (e.g., salt in water)
2.Chemical Properties:
Describe a substance's ability to change into different substances.
Reactivity: How readily a substance reacts (e.g., sodium with water)
Flammability: Ability to burn (e.g., gasoline)
Oxidation States: Degree of oxidation (e.g., iron +2 or +3)
Acidity/Basicity: Measure of proton donation/acceptance (e.g., HCl is acidic)
Toxicity: Potential to cause harm (e.g., arsenic)