General Introduction
Pterocarpus, particularly Pterocarpus marsupium, is a rich source of tannins and is traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes, skin diseases, and as an astringent.
Synonyms of Pterocarpus (Tannins)
Common name: Indian Kino, Malabar Kino
Scientific name: Pterocarpus marsupium
Synonyms: Vijayasar (Hindi)
Biological Source
Obtained from the dried heartwood or gum resin of Pterocarpus marsupium.
Family
Fabaceae
Composition
Major tannins:
Kinotannic acid: A hydrolysable tannin.
Catechin and Epicatechin
Flavonoids: Marsupin, Pterosupin.
Other compounds: Resin, gallic acid, and pyrocatechin.
Chemistry & Chemical Classes
Chemical Class: Condensed and hydrolysable tannins.
Structure:
Composed of phenolic acids and flavonoid-based tannins.
Solubility: Soluble in hot water and alcohol.
Therapeutic Uses
Anti-diabetic: Helps in reducing blood glucose levels by regenerating pancreatic beta cells.
Astringent: Treats diarrhea, dysentery, and bleeding gums.
Anti-inflammatory: Useful in wound healing.
Antioxidant: Promotes tissue repair by reducing oxidative stress.
Commercial Applications
Used in herbal medicines for diabetes management.
Kino gum is employed in wound dressings and skin preparations.