Definition:
Racemization is the interconversion of enantiomers (optical isomers) that can lead to changes in biological activity.
Mechanism:
A chiral molecule can transform into its mirror-image isomer under certain conditions (pH, temperature, etc.).
Examples:
Example Reaction (Racemization of Amino Acids):
Thalidomide: One enantiomer is therapeutic, while the other is teratogenic.
Epinephrine: Converts to inactive isomers at higher pH.
Prevention Strategies:
Optimize pH and temperature during storage.
Stabilize formulations using buffers.
Choose enantiomerically pure drugs if racemization poses a risk.