Structure of Reserpine
Reserpine is an indole alkaloid derived from the Rauwolfia serpentina plant, featuring a complex structure with an indole ring and multiple alkyl side chains.
Chemical Formula: C₂₂H₂₄N₂O
Mode of Action
Sympathetic Inhibition: Depletes catecholamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) from sympathetic nerve endings by irreversibly binding to VMAT (vesicular monoamine transporter).
Vasodilation: Reduces sympathetic tone, leading to decreased peripheral vascular resistance and lowered blood pressure.
Sedative Effects: Decreases central nervous system activity by reducing monoamine levels.
Uses
Hypertension: Historically used as an antihypertensive agent by reducing sympathetic outflow.
Psychiatric Disorders: Employed in the past for schizophrenia and mania due to its monoamine-depleting effects.
Migraine Prophylaxis: Occasionally used to prevent migraine attacks.
Drug Addiction: Investigated for potential use in managing addiction by reducing craving.
Side Effects
Depression: Due to depletion of serotonin and norepinephrine.
Sedation: Excessive drowsiness and fatigue.
Gastrointestinal Disturbances: Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Orthostatic Hypotension: Dizziness upon standing due to vasodilation.