Reserpine

Structure of Reserpine

• Reserpine is an indole alkaloid derived from the Rauwolfia serpentina plant, featuring a complex structure with an indole ring and multiple alkyl side chains.

• Chemical Formula: C₂₂H₂₄N₂O

Structure of Reserpine

Mode of Action

• Sympathetic Inhibition: Depletes catecholamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) from sympathetic nerve endings by irreversibly binding to VMAT (vesicular monoamine transporter).

• Vasodilation: Reduces sympathetic tone, leading to decreased peripheral vascular resistance and lowered blood pressure.

• Sedative Effects: Decreases central nervous system activity by reducing monoamine levels.

Uses

1. Hypertension: Historically used as an antihypertensive agent by reducing sympathetic outflow.

2. Psychiatric Disorders: Employed in the past for schizophrenia and mania due to its monoamine-depleting effects.

3. Migraine Prophylaxis: Occasionally used to prevent migraine attacks.

4. Drug Addiction: Investigated for potential use in managing addiction by reducing craving.

Side Effects

1. Depression: Due to depletion of serotonin and norepinephrine.

2. Sedation: Excessive drowsiness and fatigue.

3. Gastrointestinal Disturbances: Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

4. Orthostatic Hypotension: Dizziness upon standing due to vasodilation.