Anatomy:
The salivary glands are exocrine glands that produce and secrete saliva.
There are three pairs of major salivary glands and numerous minor salivary glands in the oral cavity.
a. Parotid glands:
The largest salivary glands, located near the ears, in front of and below the external auditory canal.
b. Submandibular glands:
Located under the lower jaw, these are medium-sized, bean-shaped glands.
c. Sublingual glands:
The smallest major salivary glands, located beneath the tongue in the floor of the mouth.
Functions:
The primary function of the salivary glands is to produce and secrete saliva, which has several roles:
Moistening and lubricating food, making it easier to chew and swallow.
Initiating the digestion of carbohydrates through the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starches into smaller sugars.
Protecting oral tissues and teeth by neutralizing acids and maintaining oral hygiene through antimicrobial components.
Facilitating taste by dissolving food particles, allowing them to come into contact with taste receptors on the tongue.