Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus, which can cause severe pneumonia.
Causative Agents:
SARS is caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
It should be noted that the COVID-19 pandemic was caused by a related virus, SARS-CoV-2.
Mode of Transmission:
Primarily spread through respiratory droplets from an infected person.
Can also be transmitted by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face.
Symptoms:
High fever, fatigue, and respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing.
Some patients may also have muscle pain, sore throat, or diarrhea.
Diagnosis:
It is diagnosed using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests to detect the presence of the virus in respiratory samples, such as swabs from the nose or throat.
Clinical diagnosis based on symptoms and potential exposure.
General Principles of Prevention and Control:
1. Quarantine and Isolation:
Isolating those infected and quarantining individuals who were in close contact with them.
2. Travel Restrictions:
During outbreaks, limiting travel to and from affected areas.
3. Infection Control:
Healthcare settings should follow strict infection control measures.
4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Use of masks, gloves, and gowns in healthcare settings.
5. Public Awareness:
Educate the public about symptoms and preventive measures.
Treatment
There is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for SARS.
Treatment is supportive, including antipyretics, supplemental oxygen, and mechanical ventilation in cases of respiratory failure.
Research on specific treatments and vaccines is ongoing.