Definition of Shampoos
Shampoos are cleansing formulations designed for the hair and scalp.
The key goals are:
Cleansing: Removal of sebum, dirt, and styling products.
Foam and lather: Consumer perception of cleansing efficacy.
Hair conditioning: Minimizing tangling and damage.
Scalp care: Maintaining scalp health, minimizing irritation.
Key Ingredients
Surfactants: Provide cleansing and foaming (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine).
Conditioners: Improve hair texture (e.g., silicones, panthenol).
Thickeners: Adjust viscosity (e.g., xanthan gum, carbomers).
Preservatives: Prevent microbial growth (e.g., parabens, phenoxyethanol).
Fragrance and Colors: For sensory appeal.
Formulation and Preparation
Pre-dispersion of Surfactants:
Dissolve surfactants in water. If using a blend, add one component at a time ensuring complete dissolution.
Incorporation of Thickeners/Polymers:
Hydrate the chosen polymer in water (or in a portion of the formulation) to form a uniform gel.
Mixing Actives and Additives:
Slowly add conditioning agents, pH adjusters, and other active ingredients while stirring.
Adjustment of pH:
Monitor pH using a meter and adjust to the target level.
Cooling and Addition of Fragrances/Preservatives:
To preserve the integrity of sensitive components, add them at lower temperatures.
Homogenization:
Continuous stirring ensures uniformity. High-shear mixing may be used for stable emulsions.
Packaging:
Filled into bottles ensuring minimal exposure to air and contamination.