Simple and compound powders

• Pharmaceutical powders can be categorized as either simple or compound powders. The differences between them are outlined in the table below:

1.Preparation of Simple Powders

Simple powders consist of a single active ingredient, which may be combined with excipients. The steps involved in their preparation are:

Preparation of Simple Powders

A) Selection of Ingredients

• Choose the active ingredient and any necessary excipients based on the desired therapeutic effect and dosage form.

• Excipients may include diluents, lubricants, glidants, or flavoring agents.

B) Sizing of Ingredients

• Ensure the active ingredient and excipients are of the appropriate particle size.

• This may involve grinding, milling, or sieving to achieve the desired fineness.

C) Mixing

• Combine the active ingredient and excipients in a suitable container.

• For small batches, use a mortar and pestle or spatula. For larger batches, use mechanical mixers like tumble mixers, planetary mixers, or high-shear mixers.

D) Packaging

• Package the prepared powder in appropriate containers to protect it from moisture, light, and contamination.

• Packaging options include bulk containers, individual sachets, or unit-dose packets.

Preparation of Compound Powders

• Compound powders contain two or more active ingredients combined in a single formulation.

• The preparation steps are similar to simple powders but with additional considerations:

Preparation of Compound Powders

A) Selection of Ingredients

• Select the active ingredients and any necessary excipients based on the desired therapeutic effect and dosage form.

• Ensure the compatibility of the active ingredients to avoid drug-drug interactions or stability issues.

B. Sizing of Ingredients

• Ensure that each active ingredient and excipient is of the correct particle size.

• Each ingredient may need to be ground, milled, or sieved separately to obtain the appropriate fineness.

C) Mixing

• Combine the active ingredients and excipients in a suitable container, mixing thoroughly for uniform distribution.

• If ingredients vary significantly in quantity, use the geometric dilution technique:

  • Mix the smallest quantity ingredient with an equal amount of diluent.

  • Add this mixture to the next smallest ingredient and continue until all components are blended.

D) Packaging

• Package the prepared compound powder in containers that protect it from moisture, light, and contamination.

• Packaging options include bulk containers, individual sachets, or unit-dose packets.