Simple Distillation

Principle of Simple Distillation:

• This distillation separates components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points, typically when the boiling points differ significantly (more than 25°C).

Methodology:

1. Setup: Consists of a distillation flask, a heat source, a condenser, and a receiving flask.
2. Heating: The mixture is heated in the distillation flask.
3. Vaporization: The component with the lower boiling point vaporizes first.
4. Condensation: The vapor passes through the condenser, where it cools and condenses back into a liquid.
5. Collection: The condensed liquid (distillate) is collected in the receiving flask.

Uses:

• Purification of solvents.
• Separation of volatile components from non-volatile impurities.
• Distillation of water.

Merits:

• Simple and straightforward setup.
• Cost-effective for small-scale operations.
• Suitable for separating mixtures with significantly different boiling points.

Demerits:

• Inefficient for mixtures with close boiling points.
• Limited to batch processes.
• Not suitable for heat-sensitive materials that decompose at high temperatures.

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