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Principle of Simple Distillation
Simple distillation separates components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points, typically when the boiling points differ significantly (more than 25°C).
Methodology
Setup: Consists of a distillation flask, a heat source, a condenser, and a receiving flask.
Heating: The mixture is heated in the distillation flask.
Vaporization: The component with the lower boiling point vaporizes first.
Condensation: The vapor passes through the condenser, where it cools and condenses back into a liquid.
Collection: The condensed liquid (distillate) is collected in the receiving flask.
Uses
Purification of solvents.
Separation of volatile components from non-volatile impurities.
Distillation of water.
Merits
Simple and straightforward setup.
Cost-effective for small-scale operations.
Suitable for separating mixtures with significantly different boiling points.
Demerits
Inefficient for mixtures with close boiling points.
Limited to batch processes.
Not suitable for heat-sensitive materials that decompose at high temperatures.
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