Binary Solutions:
Binary Solutions: Solutions composed of two components (e.g., ethanol and water).
Miscibility: The ability of two liquids to mix in any proportion.
Types of Miscibility:
Completely Miscible:
Liquids mix in all proportions (e.g., ethanol and water).
Partially Miscible:
Liquids mix in limited proportions, forming two layers at certain compositions (e.g., phenol and water).
Immiscible:
Liquids do not mix (e.g., oil and water).
Ideal Solutions (Solubility of Liquids in Liquids):
Definition:
Solutions that follow Raoult's Law across all concentrations.
Characteristics:
No enthalpy changes upon mixing (ΔHmix = 0).
Volumes of the components are additive.
Intermolecular forces between unlike molecules are similar to those between like molecules.