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Spectral Shifts

S-7-INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS
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Definition

  • Spectral shifts refer to changes in the position and intensity of absorption bands in a spectrum, influenced by molecular structure, substituents, and environmental factors.

Spectral Shifts
Spectral Shifts

Types of Spectral Shifts

Bathochromic Shift (Red Shift):

  • Shift to longer wavelengths (lower energy).

  • Caused by electron-donating groups or extended conjugation.

Hypsochromic Shift (Blue Shift):

  • Shift to shorter wavelengths (higher energy).

  • Resulting from electron-withdrawing groups or reduced conjugation.

Hyperchromic Effect:

  • Increase in absorption intensity.

  • Occurs due to increased probability of electronic transitions.

Hypochromic Effect:

  • Decrease in absorption intensity.

  • Caused by structural changes that reduce transition probabilities.


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