Structure of Spironolactone
Spironolactone is a steroidal potassium-sparing diuretic with a fused cyclohexene and lactone ring structure, containing a sulfonamide group.
Chemical Formula: C₂₈H₃₉ClN₂O₄S
Mode of Action
Aldosterone Antagonism: Blocks aldosterone receptors in the distal nephron, inhibiting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
Sodium Excretion: Promotes excretion of sodium and water without significant loss of potassium.
Anti-androgen Effects: Exhibits anti-androgenic properties, useful in treating hormonal disorders.
Uses
Heart Failure: Reduces fluid retention and prevents potassium loss.
Hypertension: Lowers blood pressure by promoting sodium excretion.
Edema: Manages edema associated with liver cirrhosis and renal disease.
Primary Hyperaldosteronism: Treats conditions with excess aldosterone production.
Acne and Hirsutism: Utilized for its anti-androgenic effects in dermatological conditions.