Matter exists in different states or phases, primarily based on the arrangement and movement of its particles.
The primary states of matter are:
1) Solid:
Characteristics: Fixed shape and volume, particles are tightly packed in a regular pattern.
Particle Movement: Particles vibrate in place but do not move freely.
Examples: Ice, wood, metal.
2) Liquid:
Characteristics: Fixed volume but takes the shape of its container, particles are close but can move past each other.
Particle Movement: Particles slide over one another, allowing the liquid to flow.
Examples: Water, oil, mercury.
3) Gas (States of Matter):
Characteristics: No fixed shape or volume, particles are far apart and move freely.
Particle Movement: Particles move rapidly in all directions.
Examples: Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen.
