Synapse

• A synapse is a specialized junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a target cell, such as a muscle or gland cell. It serves as the site where electrical signals are transmitted from one cell to another, allowing communication within the nervous system. Synapses play a crucial role in the processing, integration, and storage of information, ultimately enabling learning, memory, and other cognitive functions.

Key Components of a Synapse:

• Presynaptic Neuron: The neuron sending the signal.

• Postsynaptic Neuron: The neuron receiving the signal.

• Synaptic Cleft: The small gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons

Types of Synapses:

1.  Chemical synapses:

• Electrical signals trigger the release of neurotransmitters.

• Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, influencing its membrane potential.

• Neurotransmitters are then cleared by reuptake, degradation, or diffusion..

2.  Electrical synapses:

• Neurons are connected by gap junctions, allowing direct electrical transmission.

  These synapses are less common and are crucial for precise timing and synchronization.