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Thromboxanes

  • These three groups are collectively called eicosanoids, derived from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase (COX) or lipoxygenase pathways.

  • Thromboxanes are eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid via the COX pathway, specifically from PGH2.

  • They play significant roles in hemostasis and vascular function.

Major Thromboxanes:

TXA2 (Thromboxane A2):

  • Functions: Promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, essential for blood clot formation.

Structure of Thromboxanes
Structure of Thromboxanes

TXB2 (Thromboxane B2):

  • Function: Inactive metabolite of TXA2, used as a marker for thromboxane production.

Structure of Thromboxanes
Structure of Thromboxanes

Synthesis:

  • Platelet Activation: Upon vascular injury, platelets release arachidonic acid.

  • COX Pathway: COX-1 in platelets converts arachidonic acid to PGH2.

  • Thromboxane Synthase: PGH2 is then converted to TXA2.

Synthesis of Thromboxanes
Synthesis of Thromboxanes

Pharmacological Effects:

  • Platelet Aggregation: Strongly promote platelet clumping, essential for blood clot formation.

  • Vasoconstriction: Cause narrowing of blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.

  • Hemostasis: Aid in stopping bleeding by facilitating clot formation at injury sites.

Examples:

  • TXA₂ (Thromboxane A₂): Potent inducer of platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.

  • TXB₂: Inactive metabolite used as a marker for thromboxane production.


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