The thyroid gland is a vital hormone gland that plays a major role in the metabolism, growth, and development of the human body.
It helps to regulate many body functions by constantly releasing a steady amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream.
Located in the front part of the neck below the Adam's apple, it consists of two lobes that are connected by an isthmus.
Structure of Thyroid gland
Butterfly-shaped, located at the front of the neck, wrapping around the trachea.
Made up of follicles that produce thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Parafollicular (C) cells produce calcitonin, which regulates calcium levels.
Function of Thyroid gland
1) Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
Regulate metabolism, heart rate, digestion, muscle function, brain development, and bone maintenance.
Essential for brain and nervous system development in infants and children.
2) Calcitonin
Helps regulate calcium and phosphate levels, aiding in bone density.
Disorders of Thyroid gland
Thyroid disorders often arise from an abnormal production of thyroid hormones, leading to a wide range of health issues.
Hypothyroidism: Underactive thyroid causing fatigue, weight gain, and depression, often due to iodine deficiency or Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Hyperthyroidism: Overactive thyroid leading to weight loss, high blood pressure, and anxiety, commonly caused by Graves' disease.
Goiter: Thyroid enlargement due to iodine deficiency or thyroid hormone imbalances, not always affecting function.
Thyroid Nodules: Often benign lumps in the thyroid, usually symptomless, detected during routine checks.
Thyroid Cancer: Less common but potentially aggressive; early detection and treatment are key.
Thyroiditis: Inflammation causing hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, triggered by autoimmune diseases, infections, or post-pregnancy.
Treatment of Thyroid gland
Treatment for thyroid disorders varies depending on the specific condition and may include:
Medication to normalize thyroid hormone levels.
Radioactive iodine treatment to shrink or destroy overactive thyroid cells.
Thyroid surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland in cases of cancer, nodules, or hyperthyroidism.
Hormone replacement therapy to replace thyroid hormones in cases of hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).
Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare providers are essential for effectively managing thyroid conditions and ensuring proper hormone levels.
