Timolol

Structure of Timolol

• Timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker featuring a diphenylmethanol structure with a secondary amine.

• Chemical Formula: C₁₅H₂₂N₂O₃

Structure of Timolol

Mode of Action

• Beta-Blockade: Inhibits both β₁ and β₂ adrenergic receptors.

• Cardiac Effects: Reduces heart rate, myocardial contractility, and cardiac output.

• Vascular Effects: Decreases renin release from the kidneys, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.

• Ocular Effects: Reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production (used in glaucoma).

Uses

1. Hypertension: Lowers blood pressure by decreasing cardiac output and renin release.

2. Angina Pectoris: Reduces myocardial oxygen demand by lowering heart rate and contractility.

3. Arrhythmias: Manages supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias by slowing AV node conduction.

4. Glaucoma: Topically applied to reduce intraocular pressure.

5. Migraine Prophylaxis: Prevents migraine attacks by stabilizing vascular tone.