Structure of Timolol
Timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker featuring a diphenylmethanol structure with a secondary amine.
Chemical Formula: C₁₅H₂₂N₂O₃
Mode of Action
Beta-Blockade: Inhibits both β₁ and β₂ adrenergic receptors.
Cardiac Effects: Reduces heart rate, myocardial contractility, and cardiac output.
Vascular Effects: Decreases renin release from the kidneys, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.
Ocular Effects: Reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production (used in glaucoma).
Uses
Hypertension: Lowers blood pressure by decreasing cardiac output and renin release.
Angina Pectoris: Reduces myocardial oxygen demand by lowering heart rate and contractility.
Arrhythmias: Manages supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias by slowing AV node conduction.
Glaucoma: Topically applied to reduce intraocular pressure.
Migraine Prophylaxis: Prevents migraine attacks by stabilizing vascular tone.