Definition
Transduction is the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage (virus that infects bacteria).
Types of Transduction
Generalized Transduction
Occurs when a bacteriophage accidentally packages random bacterial DNA instead of its own viral DNA.
When this phage infects another bacterium, the foreign bacterial DNA gets incorporated into the recipient’s genome.
Specialized Transduction
Occurs when a temperate phage (lysogenic phage) integrates into the bacterial chromosome and later excises, carrying adjacent bacterial genes with it.
This DNA is then transferred to another bacterium upon infection.
Significance
Contributes to horizontal gene transfer in bacteria.
Can transfer toxin-producing genes (e.g., Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin gene is acquired via phage transduction).
Plays a role in bacterial evolution and diversity.
