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The Types of joints movements allowed by synovial joints can be classified into several categories:
1) Gliding Movements (Types of joints movements)
Simple sliding motion between flat bone surfaces.
Example: Intercarpal joints in the wrist.
2) Angular Movements
Types:
Flexion: Decreasing the angle between two bones. Example: Bending the elbow.
Extension: Increasing the angle between two bones. Example: Straightening the elbow.
Hyperextension: Extension beyond the normal range of motion. Example: Bending the head backward.
Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body. Example: Raising the arm sideways.
Adduction: Movement toward the midline of the body. Example: Bringing the arm back to the side.
Circumduction: A circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. Example: Moving the arm in a circular motion.
3) Rotational Movements
Types
Medial (Internal) Rotation: Rotation towards the midline. Example: Rotating the thigh inward.
Lateral (External) Rotation: Rotation away from the midline. Example: Rotating the thigh outward.
4) Special Movements
Types
Supination: Turning the palm upward. Example: Rotating the forearm so the palm faces up.
Pronation: Turning the palm downward. Example: Rotating the forearm so the palm faces down.
Inversion: Turning the sole of the foot inward.
Eversion: Turning the sole of the foot outward.
Dorsiflexion: Bending the foot upward at the ankle.
Plantarflexion: Bending the foot downward at the ankle.
Protraction: Moving a body part forward. Example: Pushing the jaw forward.
Retraction: Moving a body part backward. Example: Pulling the jaw backward.
Elevation: Lifting a body part. Example: Shrugging the shoulders.
Depression: Lowering a body part. Example: Dropping the shoulders.
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