These are yellow pigments found in leafy greens like spinach, kale, and in egg yolks.
Lutein and zeaxanthin are particularly important for eye health as they are concentrated in the macula of the eye and protect against oxidative stress, potentially reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts.
Occurrence:
Xanthophylls are found in high concentrations in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, and Swiss chard.
They are also present in yellow and orange fruits and vegetables, egg yolks, and some types of fish.
Chemical Nature:
Xanthophylls are characterized by their chemical structure, which includes oxygen atoms in addition to carbon and hydrogen.
This differentiates them from carotenes, which are purely hydrocarbons.
The presence of oxygen in xanthophylls allows them to possess unique chemical behaviours and antioxidant properties.
They are soluble in fats and contribute to the coloration of the leaves, fruits, and flowers from which they are derived.
Medicinal Benefits:
1. Eye Health:
Xanthophylls, particularly lutein and zeaxanthin, are known for their role in maintaining eye health.
They are concentrated in the macula, a part of the retina responsible for sharp and detailed vision, where they protect against oxidative stress and blue light.
2. Antioxidant Properties:
Xanthophylls are powerful antioxidants that protect cells from damage by free radicals, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases, including some cancers and heart disease.
3 Skin Health:
Some xanthophylls can help protect the skin from damage caused by UV light, reducing the risk of sunburn and long-term skin damage.