B Pharmacy is a 4-year undergraduate program in India that provides comprehensive knowledge of drugs, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sciences. It prepares students for careers in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical research, and healthcare services.
This course builds a strong foundation for B Pharmacy Students all over the world.
Introduction to Ruta (Flavonoids): Ruta, primarily Ruta graveolens (Rue), is rich in flavonoid and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and antimicrobial properties. Synonyms of Ruta (Flavonoids): Common name: Rue Scientific name: Ruta graveolens Other names: Herb-of-grace, Common rue Biological Source: Derived from the aerial parts (leaves and stems) of Ruta graveolens. Family: Rutaceae Composition: Major flavonoids: Rutin … Read more
Introduction to tea (Flavonoids): Tea, derived from Camellia sinensis, is rich in flavonoids (catechins, flavonols) and widely consumed for its health benefits, including antioxidant, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Popular types: Green tea, black tea, oolong tea. Synonyms of Tea (Flavonoids): Common name: Tea Scientific name: Camellia sinensis Other names: Green tea, Black tea, Oolong tea … Read more
Introduction to Lignans (Phenylpropanoids): Lignans (Phenylpropanoid) are dimers linked by β–β’ bonds, found in seeds, fruits, vegetables, and wood. Possess antioxidant, anticancer, and phytoestrogenic properties. Synonyms of Lignans (Phenylpropanoids): Common name: Plant lignans Examples: Sesamin, Podophyllotoxin, Pinoresinol, Secoisolariciresinol Biological Source: Found in Sesamum indicum (sesame seeds), Linum usitatissimum (flaxseeds), Podophyllum hexandrum (mayapple). Family: Varies: Pedaliaceae, … Read more
Introduction to Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids: Derived from phenylalanine, vital plant metabolites. Introduction to Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids are plant-derived secondary metabolites with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. General Characteristics: Secondary metabolites derived from phenylalanine, featuring a three-carbon side chain attached to an aromatic ring. Phenylpropanoids: Structure & Diversity: Range from simple cinnamic acid to complex polymers. … Read more
General Introduction to Belladonna: Belladonna alkaloids are tropane alkaloids recognized for their potent anticholinergic activity. They are used in clinical practice for their mydriatic, antispasmodic, and anti-secretory effects. Synonyms: Common Name: Deadly nightshade alkaloids Scientific Name: Atropa belladonna alkaloids Other Names: Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine alkaloids Biological Source: Plant: Derived from the dried leaves and roots … Read more
Classification of Parasympathomimetic Agents, also known as cholinergic agonists, are drugs that mimic the action of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) by stimulating cholinergic receptors (muscarinic and/or nicotinic). Classification of Parasympathomimetic Agents covers AChE inhibitors like Neostigmine, Physostigmine. A. Direct-Acting Parasympathomimetic Agents These agents bind directly to cholinergic receptors, mimicking the effect of acetylcholine. Mechanism … Read more
Parasympathomimetic agents are drugs that mimic the actions of acetylcholine (ACh) on parasympathetic nervous system These agents stimulate cholinergic receptors, resulting in increased secretions, smooth muscle contraction, slowed heart rate, and other parasympathetic effects. They are classified into two main groups: Direct-acting cholinergic agonists Indirect-acting cholinesterase inhibitors A third category includes cholinesterase reactivators, used to … Read more
Discover how Cimetidine works as an H2 blocker to reduce stomach acid and treat ulcers GERD and related digestive disorders. Structure of Cimetidine It is a first-generation H₂-receptor antagonist featuring a thiazole ring connected to a dimethylamine side chain and an imidazole moiety. Chemical Formula: C₁₆H₂₄N₄S Mode of Action Cimetidine selectively inhibits H₂ receptors on … Read more
This topic describes how H2 antagonists reduce stomach acid by blocking histamine action and are used to treat ulcers acid reflux and related conditions. Definition H2 Antagonists: H₂ antagonists are a class of drugs that block histamine H₂ receptors located on the parietal cells of the stomach. By inhibiting histamine’s action, these drugs reduce the … Read more
Cholinergic receptors are specialized protein receptors located on the surface of cells that bind acetylcholine (ACh), a key neurotransmitter in the autonomic and somatic nervous systems. Acetylcholine acts on two types of receptors: Nicotinic receptors (ionotropic) Muscarinic receptors (metabotropic) Muscarinic Cholinergic receptors Type G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) Subtypes and Signal Pathways Subtype G-protein Pathway Effect M1 … Read more
