These Light Reflection and Refraction Class 10 notes focus on the formulae and diagrams that are easy to mix up under exam pressure.

Quick formula checklist

  • Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u.
  • Thin-lens formula: 1/f = 1/v − 1/u.
  • Magnification: mirrors use m = −v/u; lenses use m = v/u.
  • Lens power: P = 1/f when focal length is in metres; the unit is the dioptre.

Use the Cartesian sign convention consistently. A formula alone is not enough if the object distance, image distance or focal length has the wrong sign.

Practise in this order

  • Draw and label a principal axis, focus and optical centre or pole.
  • Construct the required rays and describe the image.
  • Solve a numerical question, showing substitution, signs and units.

This website lists Light under its full chapter title; chapter numbering may differ between resources.

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