Cough

• Cough is a protective reflex that clears the airways of mucus, irritants, foreign particles, or infections.
• It can be:
• Productive (wet): Produces mucus or phlegm
• Non-productive (dry): No mucus produced

Types of Cough

1. Productive Cough

   • “Wet” cough that expels mucus
   • Common in colds, bronchitis, pneumonia

2. Non-Productive Cough

   • “Dry” cough with no mucus
   • Caused by irritants, allergies, asthma, GERD

Based on Duration:

1. Acute Cough – Lasts < 3 weeks (e.g., colds, flu)
2. Subacute Cough – Lasts 3–8 weeks (often post-infection)
3. Chronic Cough – Lasts > 8 weeks (e.g., asthma, GERD, smoking)

Mechanism of Cough

1. Irritation – Triggered by mucus, foreign particles, or irritants
2. Receptor Activation – Sensory nerves in airways send signals
3. Cough Center Activation – Brainstem processes the signal
4. Muscle Contraction – Diaphragm, chest, and abdomen tighten
5. Expulsion of Air – Air is forcefully expelled to clear the irritant

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