Emetics

Definition of Emetics

  • Drugs that induce vomiting by stimulating the vomiting center or CTZ.

Indications

  • Rarely used today
  • Used only in specific poisoning cases when gastric lavage is not possible (and patient is conscious)

Classes of Emetics

Classes of Emetics

  1. Central Acting

  • Example: Apomorphine
  • Mechanism: Stimulates CTZ (dopamine agonist)
  • Use: Induce vomiting in poisoning (rarely used now)
  • Caution: Risk of CNS depression
  1. Peripheral Acting

  • Example: Ipecac syrup (alkaloids: emetine, cephaeline)
  • Mechanism: Irritates gastric mucosa + stimulates CTZ
  • Use: Previously used in pediatric poisoning (no longer recommended routinely)
  • Caution: Can cause cardiotoxicity if misused

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