Ketoconazole

Chemical Structure / Formula of Ketoconazole

• Formula: C₂₆H₂₈Cl₂N₄O₄
• Structure: A imidazole antifungal with two chlorinated benzyl groups.

Mechanism of Action

• Inhibits lanosterol 14α-demethylase, blocking ergosterol synthesis and disrupting fungal membrane integrity.

Uses of Ketoconazole

• Topical and oral use for fungal infections:
  • Systemic fungal infections (Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, Candidiasis) (oral use).
  • Seborrheic dermatitis, tinea infections, dandruff (topical use).

Side Effects

• Hepatotoxicity (black box warning for oral use).
• Hormonal effects (gynecomastia, adrenal insufficiency: inhibits steroid synthesis).
• GI upset, headache, skin rash.

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