- Microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeast) are integral to industrial biotechnology because of their rapid growth, genetic tractability, and ability to produce a wide range of valuable biomolecules.
Microbial Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry
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Antibiotic Production
- Penicillium chrysogenum: Produces penicillin.
- Streptomyces spp.: Produces streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin.
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Vaccine Production
- Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Used for recombinant vaccine production (e.g., hepatitis B vaccine).
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Enzyme Production
- Aspergillus and Bacillus species: Produce industrial enzymes like amylases, lipases, and proteases.
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Biopharmaceuticals
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Bioremediation
- Microbes like Pseudomonas are used to degrade environmental pollutants.
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